Molecular zipper and DNA compounds ensure fertility
A research team led by Joao Matos at the Max Perutz Labs of the University of Vienna has deciphered a mechanism that protects fertility by precisely controlling chromosome pairing during meiosis. The study, published in Nature , shows how DNA structures called holliday junctions not only enable genetic exchange (crossing-over), but also stabilize the synaptomal complex, a zipper-like structure that holds chromosomes together.
Crossing-over is essential for the formation of eggs and sperm, as it creates genetic diversity. Without at least one exchange per chromosome pair, fertility is at risk, while too many DNA breaks can damage the genome. The researchers discovered that holliday junctions promote the stability of the synaptomal complex and signal the cell not to create any more DNA breaks to protect the genome.
Using baker’s yeast as a model organism, the team studied meiosis, which is similar to that in human cells. Using a special molecular tool, the scientists were able to remove the DNA compounds in a targeted manner and observed that the synaptonemal complex immediately collapsed without these compounds. This led to further DNA breaks and impaired meiosis, confirming the central role of Holliday junctions.
The study reveals a feedback mechanism: Once Holliday junctions and the synaptonemal complex are stable, the cell stops the formation of new DNA breaks, allowing meiosis to continue safely. The researchers now plan to study this mechanism in mammals to shed light on fundamental principles of fertility and genome stability.
The Max Perutz Labs, a joint venture of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, are part of the Vienna BioCenter and are dedicated to researching fundamental processes in molecular biology.
Original Paper:
Holliday junction–ZMM protein feedback enables meiotic crossover assurance | Nature
Editor: X-Press Journalistenbüro GbR
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