Western blotting, also known as immunoblotting, is a laboratory technique that identifies specific proteins in a sample. It is often used to diagnose diseases where specific proteins or antibodies need to be detected in the blood or tissue, such as HIV or Lyme disease. The method is precise and helps to confirm the results of other tests.

How does it work?

First, proteins are extracted from cells or tissues and separated in a gel according to their size, similar to a sorting system. These separated proteins are then transferred to a membrane, like an imprint. The membrane is then treated with special antibodies that bind to the protein in question. These antibodies are provided with markers that make it visible whether the protein is present, often through a glow or a color reaction. This makes it possible to see whether and how much of the protein is present in the sample.

Why is it important in laboratory medicine?

The Western blot is important in laboratory medicine because it enables accurate diagnoses. For example, it is used after a positive HIV rapid test to ensure that the diagnosis is correct. It also helps in the detection of autoimmune diseases or cancer by finding specific proteins. In Germany, it is a standard procedure in many laboratories, especially in hospitals and research institutions.

Special features in Germany

In Germany, laboratories follow the guidelines of the German Medical Association, called RiliBÄK, which ensure that tests such as the Western blot are of high quality and reliable. Although there are no specific guidelines for Western blot alone, laboratories must carry out quality controls and follow standardized procedures. An interesting development is that the test is also being used for research into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s, which expands its areas of application.

Editorial office: X-Press Journalistenbüro GbR

Gender note. The personal designations used in this text always refer equally to female, male and diverse persons. Double/triple references and gendered designations are avoided for the sake of better readability ected.