With temperatures above 30 degrees in large parts of Germany in the coming days, the German Diabetes Center (DDZ) warns of health risks for people with diabetes mellitus. High temperatures and environmental pollution such as particulate matter increase the risk of complications, especially in older people, people who are overweight, poorly controlled blood sugar or comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Experts from the DDZ emphasize the need for targeted preventive measures to avoid overheating, circulatory problems and impairments of diabetes therapy.

The body’s own temperature regulation is often disturbed in people with diabetes, especially if there is nerve damage or impaired kidney function. High temperatures can affect skin circulation and sweat production, which increases the risk of overheating, circulatory failure or heat stroke. Studies show that during heatwaves, hospitalizations increase by up to 25 percent, especially in insulin-treated patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.

Medications such as diuretics, beta-blockers, or certain antidepressants commonly taken for diabetes can further lower heat tolerance and increase the risk of dehydration or heart attack. Heat also influences the effect of insulin: it can accelerate insulin absorption and lead to hypoglycemia or worsen blood sugar control through dehydration. Insulin must be stored at two to eight degrees Celsius, as heat reduces its effectiveness. Individual adaptation of therapy in consultation with doctors is essential during heat waves.

In addition to heat, particulate matter is also a nuisance. Chronic air pollution increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and diabetic nerve damage. In hot summers, high ozone levels, little wind or forest fires can increase particulate matter pollution, which puts an additional strain on the metabolism.

The DDZ recommends the following protective measures: Activities should be postponed to cool times of the day such as the morning or evening, as swimming or other physical activities can increase the risk of unnoticed hypoglycaemia. Drinking regularly, even without feeling thirsty, is important, except in the case of chronic kidney disease. People with peripheral polyneuropathy should not walk barefoot to avoid injury or burns. More frequent blood glucose measurements are necessary because heat changes metabolism. Insulin and medication should be stored in cooler bags, especially when travelling, where a doctor’s certificate makes it easier to carry them in hand luggage. A balanced diet, regular exercise and good diabetes control promote resistance to heat stress.

The DDZ refers to the diabetes information portal diabinfo.de for further information, especially on traveling with diabetes. The experts emphasise that preventive action and close coordination with medical professionals are crucial to minimise health risks during heat waves.

Editor: X-Press Journalistenbüro GbR

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